Notes
1899
- 2nd Boer War
- -Britain nervous that Germany has their own colony and navy in SA
- -Germany building everything up
- -England goes to war
- -England get beaten by Africans
- -Led by Cecil Rhodes and Lord Kitchener (responsible for winning the boer war)
- -Winston Churchill will learn about warfare
- -Concentration camps
- -English capture woman and children of Boer fighter and put them into concentration camps
- and destroy their farms and homes
- -English recognize Boer independence
- -Commonwealth status (English grant them independence)
- -Economically they rebuilt Africa
- -Political structure dominated by Afrikaans (Dutch)
- -Problem was no one talked to Bantus (80% of population)
- -Bantus was political recognition (African Nation Congress)
- -Goal was equal status
- -Afrikaans believed they were culture was dominant
- 1939
- -Afrikaans supported Nazi Germany because England put families into C-camps during B-war
- -Hated England
- -Dutch Reform Church
- 1948
- -Nationalist Party (NP)
- -Believed that the problem in SA was whites have to pick up the mess from the blacks
- -Forever will be correcting society
- -Remove the blacks from white life (create Apartheid)
- -Blacks are considered a hassle
- -Leader Daniel Francois Moulan
- -First steps: class individuals by race (tribes, beliefs, coloured?)
- -Given a card of classification
- -Banned interbreeding
- -Next step: 1950 Group Areas Act
- -Geographic separation: leads to separate amanitas Act
- -Eg, two different water fountains (one for whites, one for blacks)
- -Eg, white people walk on sidewalks, black people ion streets
- -Race profiling cards White towns
- 1966 "Homelands"
- Bantustans legal separation
- 80% black 20% white
- 1960 large massacre in Sharpeville
- Spear of the nation - Nelson Mandela
- Mandela charged with treason in 1961 - acquitted
- life in prison - robben island (1964-1989)
- After Sharpeville Canada, GB, Australia got involved
To what extent was violence necessary for the end of Apartheid in South Africa?
During the South African apartheid violence became necessary to make a statement to the Government to stop the discrimination of the natives. The ANC or African National Congress needed to get a point across which meant making a bold statement. This lead them to do what was considered terrorist attacks in order to gain the governments attention.
At first Mandela along with the four other founders of the ANC: Oliver Tambo, John Dube, Sol Plaatie, Pixley Ka Isaka Seme and president Albert Luthuli used what were viewed as "terrorist attacks" by the government as a way to protest for their rights.This consisted of blowing up of rail ways, government buildings, and other resources needed by the white government. However no white person nor any person who worked for the government was harmed. But having a violence policy meant no casualties and did nothing to help gain human rights to the black community. Mandela embraced armed struggle to end the racist system of apartheid. He believe apartheid would have endured much longer if he hadn’t rebelled and overturned the ANC’s long-standing nonviolence policy. In the mid 50's Mandela believed that peaceful protests and strikes weren't working. So in 1953 Mandela made a speech in Johannesburg known as the "No Easy Walk to Freedom" speech. In the speech, Mandela said the ANC had to come up with new plans for political struggle.
After the Sharpeville massacre on March 21st, 1960 armed forces shot roughy 70 people and around 180 others were injured. This lead to the Spear of the Nation, an armed wing of the ANC co-founded by Mandela. Violence that was reflected from the Sharpeville massacre ended the ANC's non violent protests in order to retaliate back against the white government. Mandela was strongly against the idea of killing another person in order to fight for equal rights. However he was willing to embark on violent forms of aggression towards the government in order for change.
On June 12th, 1962 Mandela was sentenced to life in prison. This caused a huge uprising in violence between the black community and the government. People were furious of the life sentence Mandela had, this lead to an increase in protests and violent riots. When the government open fire on protesters this caused numbers to rise of casualties specifically with civilians. People were angry that their main political leader was rotting in prison unable to do anything. People started to riot extremely violently wanted Mandela released. Violence became a necessary thing in order grab the attention of the government. If no violent actions were to of been in place there many not of been any political change and the equality between black and white would be non-existent. The ANC along with the Spear of the Nation helped show awareness of the hardship the black community was facing during the apartheid.
At first Mandela along with the four other founders of the ANC: Oliver Tambo, John Dube, Sol Plaatie, Pixley Ka Isaka Seme and president Albert Luthuli used what were viewed as "terrorist attacks" by the government as a way to protest for their rights.This consisted of blowing up of rail ways, government buildings, and other resources needed by the white government. However no white person nor any person who worked for the government was harmed. But having a violence policy meant no casualties and did nothing to help gain human rights to the black community. Mandela embraced armed struggle to end the racist system of apartheid. He believe apartheid would have endured much longer if he hadn’t rebelled and overturned the ANC’s long-standing nonviolence policy. In the mid 50's Mandela believed that peaceful protests and strikes weren't working. So in 1953 Mandela made a speech in Johannesburg known as the "No Easy Walk to Freedom" speech. In the speech, Mandela said the ANC had to come up with new plans for political struggle.
After the Sharpeville massacre on March 21st, 1960 armed forces shot roughy 70 people and around 180 others were injured. This lead to the Spear of the Nation, an armed wing of the ANC co-founded by Mandela. Violence that was reflected from the Sharpeville massacre ended the ANC's non violent protests in order to retaliate back against the white government. Mandela was strongly against the idea of killing another person in order to fight for equal rights. However he was willing to embark on violent forms of aggression towards the government in order for change.
On June 12th, 1962 Mandela was sentenced to life in prison. This caused a huge uprising in violence between the black community and the government. People were furious of the life sentence Mandela had, this lead to an increase in protests and violent riots. When the government open fire on protesters this caused numbers to rise of casualties specifically with civilians. People were angry that their main political leader was rotting in prison unable to do anything. People started to riot extremely violently wanted Mandela released. Violence became a necessary thing in order grab the attention of the government. If no violent actions were to of been in place there many not of been any political change and the equality between black and white would be non-existent. The ANC along with the Spear of the Nation helped show awareness of the hardship the black community was facing during the apartheid.
3,2,1
Heat, blacks, divided
1. How would South Africa look today if the English had never invaded?
2. What impact of having change between the whites and the blacks had if Mandela hadn't of become a political figure and leader?
Heat, blacks, divided
1. How would South Africa look today if the English had never invaded?
2. What impact of having change between the whites and the blacks had if Mandela hadn't of become a political figure and leader?
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